What Is Diversity in Health and Social Care?

Definitions of diversity vary because different institutions have their own interpretations of the concept. But almost all definitions share three common principles:

• Everyone’s different
• Differences should be recognised
• Differences should be celebrated

These are great ideals to aspire to, but a little difficult to apply practically to workplace policy. That’s why this guide will work with a slightly narrower definition focusing on diversity concerning patient care and outcomes.

It’s not an exhaustive list, but diversity in health and social care means recognising and respecting differences in:

• Ethnicity
• Language
• Culture
• Faith
• Sexuality
• Gender identity
• Socioeconomic background

It’s essential for practitioners and policymakers to recognise these patient differences as they can directly impact the quality of care.

Everyone deserves access to quality medical care without fear of discrimination. This is a universal fact and fundamental to health services.

However, despite years of progress, certain groups of people still struggle to get the care they deserve. As a result, they experience poorer patient outcomes.

For example, evidence shows clear differences in care for women from ethnic minorities. One review from the NHS Race & Health Observatory, titled ‘Ethnic Inequalities in Healthcare’, states that:

“Ethnic inequalities in access to, experiences of, and outcomes of healthcare are longstanding problems in the NHS.”

The review gives several reasons for this disparity in care, including:

• Discriminatory treatment by staff
• Insufficient translation services
• Patients are avoiding care for fear of racist treatment
• A lack of quality research or data looking specifically at ethnic patients

Of course, this isn’t an issue in every healthcare facility, but it is prevalent enough to cause notably worse outcomes in several areas. For example, in the UK, black women are four times more likely to die during childbirth than white women.

This is just one example of discrimination in health. Other evidence has found that 70% of trans and transgender individuals have experienced transphobia from their primary caregivers. A report from the charity Stonewall found that one in four LGBT individuals have witnessed a healthcare professional make discriminatory remarks because of a patient’s sexuality.

Health and social care professionals must overcome these issues and ensure everyone can access the services they need. To achieve this, you need to embrace diversity and the closely linked concepts of equality and inclusion.

Equality is often misunderstood, with some dismissing it as ‘treating everyone the same.’ As a healthcare professional, you likely already recognise this interpretation is flawed.

Consider what you’d do to help an unconscious patient compared to someone with a sprained ankle. Treating them equally would potentially leave one party much worse off.

While blunt, this scenario illustrates the principles of equality: You want equal outcomes (both patients fully recover), not equal treatment (both patients get their ankle bandaged).

Of course, good healthcare professionals consider more than just medical needs when treating patients. A patient’s background can affect how they respond to you or the environment they’re in. It’s essential to look at the broader context to determine the best approach and treatment options.

Some people will need to be treated with greater sensitivity and others might require translating services – the differences are endless. But no two patients are exactly alike and what works for some won’t necessarily work for others.

The principles of equality are about giving everyone equally successful patient outcomes. Inclusion is ensuring they’re all in a position to receive treatment.

Individuals of all backgrounds should feel that health and social care facilities are open and welcoming to them. Unfortunately, this isn’t always the case. While the widespread access to quality, accessible health care in the UK should rightly be applauded, it isn’t complete.

Some patients live in isolated areas, far from healthcare facilities. Economic conditions also affect access to care despite the free NHS services.

Issues of race, sexuality or gender identity also affect access to treatment. As mentioned, a shocking number of people from minority groups feel socially excluded from healthcare services or fear discrimination from practitioners.

To overcome social exclusion or other barriers to care, all practitioners should be aware of the government’s Inclusion Health strategy. It outlines how professionals can support people from commonly excluded groups and make sure they get access to the health and care services they need.

The guidance goes much deeper, but the general principles you should follow include:

• Show kindness, empathy and understanding in all patient interactions
• Consider how you communicate with your patients and ensure they can make informed decisions regarding their health

The evidence increasingly shows that recognising and respecting differences has a real impact on the outcomes of health and social care. They’re shaped by how well healthcare systems understand and respond to individual needs.

According to the NHS, people who are actively involved in their own health and care see improved outcomes. They make better decisions and are generally more satisfied with the services they receive.

Studies also show that patients who feel listened to are more likely to share vital information during consultations and follow care plans, which has an obvious positive impact on recovery.

Diversity in health and social care teams has also been linked to improved outcomes. Studies show that patients generally fare better when care is provided by more diverse teams. Similar to studies in other sectors, diversity in healthcare was found to improve:

• Innovation
• Communication between colleagues
• Clinical decision-making

These improvements lead to higher patient satisfaction and improved health outcomes.

Diverse teams are also better able to adapt services to meet specific needs, which means more responsive care for everyone.

Following the government’s Inclusion Health guidance is a good start. Still, this advice is focused on improving services for the patient. This approach isn’t wrong – the patient is obviously the focus in health and social care – but you also need to consider how you’re promoting diversity among your teams.

Any health or care workforce should reflect the community they serve. Diversity amongst staff helps improve equality and inclusion, which improves outcomes for a greater number of patients.

Inclusive recruitment policies are essential to encourage diversity in your staff. It might even be beneficial to specifically target under-represented groups in recruitment drives.

It’s vital to tackle discrimination experienced by patients and staff within your organisation. Establish clear policies, communicate them to your teams, and ensure you follow them. Your stakeholders will doubt any commitment to workplace diversity unless it goes beyond words on a page.

It’s not a valid reason, but ignorance is often an underlying cause for discrimination or exclusion in health care. Staff might not be aware of their biases or understand how equality and inclusion should be applied in the workplace.

Investing in training also goes a long way in demonstrating your commitment to diversity. It helps staff appreciate and engage with relevant policies or initiatives.

If your staff haven’t completed formal diversity training before or need a refresher, an awareness-level course could be right for them. Our online Diversity Awareness training covers the fundamentals your staff need to know and helps promote inclusivity in the workplace. The course content covers definitions of diversity and equality and the benefits they can bring to a workplace. It also outlines how to overcome discrimination and communication barriers, which are critical to inclusive health care.