How to Ensure Safe Lithium-Ion Battery Storage

• Store lithium-ion batteries in a cool, dry place, ideally between 5°C and 20°C.
• Maintain a 40-60% charge level for batteries in long-term storage and periodically check their status.
• Use non-conductive and fireproof lithium-ion battery storage containers to minimise the risk of short circuits and fires.
• Regularly inspect batteries for damage and keep terminals clean to ensure safety.
• Always dispose of batteries at authorised recycling facilities.
• Provide proper training and personal protective equipment (PPE) for employees handling Li-ion batteries.

Li-ion batteries are prone to thermal runaway – a chain reaction caused by overheating, overcharging or mechanical damage. This process generates excessive heat and flammable gasses, which can lead to fires or explosions. Poor storage conditions, such as exposure to high temperatures, significantly increase the risk of thermal runaway.

Damaged batteries may leak toxic and corrosive electrolytes, posing risks to both human health and the environment. Contact with these chemicals can cause burns, respiratory issues and contamination of soil or water.

Improper handling or storage can lead to short circuits, which generate sparks and heat that may ignite nearby materials. Storing batteries with conductive items, like metal tools, increases the likelihood of accidental short circuits.

Batteries that leak or are improperly disposed of can release harmful substances into the environment. Storing batteries in unsuitable conditions causes them to degrade faster, making leaks more likely.

Physical impact or puncturing of batteries during storage can compromise their integrity, increasing the risk of thermal runaway or chemical leaks. Stacking batteries improperly in warehouses or homes also heightens this danger.

Extreme temperatures – both high and low – can degrade battery performance and increase the risk of thermal runaway. Freezing temperatures can cause irreversible damage to the battery’s internal structure, while excessive heat can trigger chemical reactions that may result in a fire.

Ideally, Li-ion batteries should be stored in a cool, dry place. The recommended lithium-ion battery storage temperature is between 5°C and 20°C. Avoid leaving batteries in areas prone to temperature fluctuations, such as near radiators, in direct sunlight or cold garages during winter.

Charge levels during storage impact a battery’s longevity and safety.

• Partial Charge for Storage: When storing lithium-ion batteries for an extended period, keep the charge level between 40-60%. Storing fully charged or entirely depleted batteries can strain the cells, increasing the risk of degradation or failure.
• Periodic Check-Ups: If the battery will be stored for months, check the charge level periodically. Recharge it to the optimal range if it has dropped below 20%.

The choice of storage container significantly impacts safety. Li-ion batteries are sensitive to physical damage and can short-circuit if exposed to conductive materials.

• Non-Conductive Containers: Use containers made of non-conductive materials such as plastic or specialised battery cases to prevent accidental short circuits.
• Fireproof Storage: Consider fireproof storage boxes or bags designed specifically for lithium-ion batteries. These are particularly useful for storing larger batteries or multiple units in one place.

Taking proactive safety measures is essential for reducing risks associated with Li-ion battery storage.

• Separate Batteries: Avoid storing loose batteries together, as their terminals may come into contact and cause a short circuit. Use individual battery sleeves or cases to keep them isolated.
• Avoid Damaged Batteries: Do not store or use batteries that are swollen, punctured or otherwise damaged. Dispose of any damaged batteries at a certified recycling centre.
• Keep Away from Flammable Materials: Always store batteries away from flammable or combustible materials to reduce the risk of fire spreading in case of an incident.

Routine inspection and maintenance will help identify potential issues before they escalate.

• Visual Inspection: Check batteries periodically for signs of damage, swelling or corrosion. Isolate any damaged batteries and arrange for their safe disposal if these issues are present.
• Clean Contacts: Ensure battery terminals are clean and free from dust or debris to maintain optimal performance and safety.

There are currently no specific regulations or legislation covering the safe storage of lithium-ion batteries in the UK. However, the country is moving toward stricter safety oversight with the proposed Lithium-ion Battery Safety Bill. This Bill outlines provisions that:

• Planning authorities consult safety agencies before approving battery energy storage systems.
• Devices powered by lithium-ion batteries meet stricter safety standards.
• Guidelines be implemented for the safe disposal of lithium-ion batteries.

While the formal legislation is still in development, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) has provided guidance on best practices for handling and storing Li-ion batteries. According to the HSE, employers are expected to:

• Ensure batteries are stored in cool, dry and well-ventilated areas.
• Ensure proper disposal of batteries in authorised recycling facilities.
• Provide appropriate PPE for working with batteries.
• Provide training to employees on safe battery handling, storage and use.

You can find the HSE’s guidance for using electric storage batteries safely here.

Proper training is crucial for anyone working with Li-ion batteries to ensure safe handling, storage and disposal practices.

Our online Lithium-Ion Battery Safety Training course is designed to educate users on the potential hazards of Li-ion batteries and the best practices for their use, storage and charging.

By completing this course, employees will gain the necessary knowledge to safely manage lithium-ion batteries, helping to reduce the risk of accidents and improve overall safety.